Nepal’s Old Age Allowance (OAA) program, a cornerstone of its social protection system, faces sustainability challenges due to demographic shifts and fiscal constraints. This study examined the sustainability of Nepal’s Old Age Allowance program against the backdrop of demographic shifts, fiscal trends, and outmigration patterns. Our findings indicate that, under current parameters and conservative economic growth projections, Nepal’s OAA remains fiscally sustainable until at least 2050. Despite an increasing elderly population, projected economic growth and tax revenue expansions are sufficient to meet rising pension obligations without imposing disproportionate fiscal burdens.
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